Explain the difference between an addition polymer and a condensation polymer. Addition and condensation polymerization processes. Different types of synthetic polymers and their uses. Nov 01, 2017 how to work out the polymer that a monomer will form, and which monomers were used to make an addition or condensation polymer. During the polymerization process, the monomers tend to form dimers two linked monomers and trimers three linked monomers first. An addition polymer is a polymer that forms by simple linking of monomers without the cogeneration of other products. Based on the chemical reaction involved, polymerisation is divided into two groups known as addition. The main difference between addition and condensation polymerization is that in former the polymers are formed by the addition of monomers with no byproducts while in the latter polymers are formed due to the condensation of two different monomers resulting in the formation of byproducts. In this type of reaction, small molecules such as alcohol, water, hydrogen chloride, etc. Addition polymerization an overview sciencedirect topics. Addition polymers are a type of polymer in which all the monomers are unsaturated or to simply to say are alkenes. The polymerization processes by which polymers are synthesized fall into two categories. Addition and condensation polymers teaching resources. In addition polymerization, two or more molecules of monomers attach together to form a polymer.
Free pdf download of ncert solutions for class 12 chemistry chapter 15 polymers solved by expert teachers as per ncert cbse book guidelines. Again, the only difference is that both the amine and the acid monomer units each have two functional groups one on each end of the molecule. In addition polymerization all of the atoms of the monomer molecules become part of the polymer. Polymerization describes the formation of large molecules polymers with repeating structure from small molecules monomers. The main difference between addition and condensation polymerization is that in addition polymerization the polymers are formed by the addition of monomers with no byproducts while in condensation polymerization polymers are formed due to the condensation of two different monomers resulting in the formation of small molecules such as hcl, water, ammonia, etc.
Polymers usually are prepared by two different types of polymerization reactions addition and condensation. The formation of condensation polymers occurs by the repeated condensation reaction between two different trifunctional or bifunctional monomeric units. Example r71 determining the concentrations of polymers for step polymerization. Suggest properties that might make polymers useful additions to. Draw a diagram to represent the polymer for the monomer, ethene. There are two types of polymerization reactions, additional and condensation. Polyesters, polyamides and polyolefins are usually spun from melts, provided the tm is not too high. These polymers consist of long and straight chains. In addition polymerization, monomers react to form a polymer without the formation of byproducts. Nmr analysis of interchange reactions in condensation polymers.
Most is vulcanized and used in tire production though some is used for bubblegum unvulcanised. How to work out the polymer that a monomer will form, and which monomers were used to make an addition or condensation polymer. Common examples of condensation polymers are nylon, dacron, and polyurethane. Difference between addition polymerisation and condensation. If a dicarboxylic acid reacts with a diamine, a polymer called a polyamide is formed and water is released. A condensation polymerization is a process that involves repeated condensation reactions between two different bifunctional or trifunctional monomers.
Addition and condensation polymers can exist with a crosslinked network, depending on the monomers used in the synthesis. However, the addition polymers formed by the polymerisation of a single monomeric species are known as homopolymers, e. Because of this, the polymers can grow at either end of the chain. The main alternative forms of polymerization are chain polymerization and polyaddition, both of which give addition polymers. Classify the following as addition and condensation polymers. Normally, addition polymerization means that two monomers react with each other and no other small molecules are generaged. Download the pdf question papers free for off line practice and view the solutions online. However, the addition polymers formed by the polymerisation of a single monomeric species are known as. The addition reaction may occur by way of radical, cationic, or anionic intermediates. Addition polymerization results in homochain polymers whereas condensation polymerization results in hetrochain polymers. Difference between addition and condensation polymerization. A condensation polymerization is a form of stepgrowth polymerization. Polymer synthesis there are two major types of polymerization methods used to convert small molecules monomers into polymers.
A level chemistry lesson on addition and condensation polymers with presentation, activity, question and answers. Condensation polymers arise through an apparent addition process when. Why hasnt this recent polymerization reaction engineering theory been used more. You will synthesize and modify polymers, test their properties and use a fabrication technique to produce an object from a polymer. The key feature of addition polymerization is that monomers add to one.
Scroll down the page for more examples and explanations. The word polymer is derived from two greek words, poly that means many numerous and mer which means units. Summary addition polymerization vs condensation polymerization. Polymers are large molecules that have the same structural unit repeating over and over.
A lesson on addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation with links made to the aqa chemistry specification throughout. Condensation polymerization on the other hand is a process in which the reaction takes place with a release of a byproduct like water, alcohol, etc. They are addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. A polymer is a macromolecule which consists of small molecular units that are repeated over and over again to form a long chain. Addition polymerization and condensation polymerization. Condensation polymers are made from two different monomers. These methods were originally referred to as addition and condensation polymerization. Many polymers, both addition and condensation, are used as fibers the chief methods of spinning synthetic polymers into fibers are from melts or viscous solutions. Addition and condensation polymers and polymerization. There are a few ways that monomers combine to form the polymers of plastics. But in condensation reaction, there is a loss of a molecule of water, ammonia etc as a byproduct. One method is a type of chemical reaction called a condensation reaction. Addition polymerizations usually are carried out in the.
Process improvements and polymerization kinetics process technology. You learned in part 7 that condensation polymers are made from monomers that have at least two functional groups. Polymers are made up of smaller repeating units, called monomers, which are linked together by covalent bonds. In commercial addition and condensation polymerization processes reactor design is an important factor for the quality and economics of the polymer. Familiar examples of crosslinked polymers are bakelite, rubber, and casting boat resin.
Condensation polymers form more slowly than addition polymers, often requiring heat, and they are generally lower in molecular weight. Polymerization addition and condensation polymerization. The formation of a polyamide follows the same procedure as in the synthesis of a simple amide. Addition polymerization condensation polymerization. Notice how every other carbon must have a chlorine attached. These polymers contain linear chains having some branches. Crosslinked polymers are formed when long chains are linked in one gigantic, 3dimensional structure with tremendous rigidity. Pvc polyvinyl chloride, which is found in plastic wrap, simulated leather, water pipes, and garden hoses, is formed from vinyl chloride h 2 cchcl.
Addition polymerization chemical reaction britannica. Nov 30, 2016 addition polymerisation produces addition polymers through the addition of olefinic monomers without the formation of any byproduct. Explain the difference between an addition polymer. Amorphous and crystalline polymers may be made from established or new monomers by addition polymerization triggered by free radicals or ions or by con. The key difference between addition polymerization and condensation polymerization is that for addition polymerization, monomer should be an unsaturated molecule whereas for condensation polymerization, monomers are saturated molecules polymers are large molecules that have the same structural unit repeating over and over. The condensation polymerization, as a contrast, normally involves the generation of small molecule products. Condensation polymers the condensation polymers are formed by repeated condensation. The addition polymers are formed by the repeated addition of monomer molecules possessing double or triple bonds, e. A wellknown example of a condensation reaction is the esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols.
Identify features you would look for to help classify a polymer as an addition polymer to condensation polymer. Different types of synthetic humanmade addition and condensation polymers have many uses and can be found almost in every material used in our daily life, different fields of sciences, technologies and industry. The terminal functional groups on a chain remain active, so that groups of shorter chains combine into longer chains in the late stages of polymerization. Addition chaingrowth polymers unlike condensation stepgrowth polymers, which release small molecules, like water, as they form, the reactions that lead to addition, or chaingrowth, polymers incorporate all of the reactants atoms into the final product. Small molecules react with each other to form larger structural units while releasing smaller molecules as a byproduct, such as water or methanol. Polyamides such as nylon are also condensation polymers. The polymers made by addition polymerisation from two different monomers are termed as copolymers, e. Most is vulcanized and used in tire production though some is used for bubblegum unvulcanised form.
Use a venn diagram to compare and contrast addition and condensation polymerization reactions. Addition chaingrowth polymers an introduction to chemistry. To answer this question, we should first define what we mean by chemical. With addition polymers formed through addition reactions, bonds are rearranged for monomers to bond together, and no atoms or functional groups are lost in the process. A polymer is a very large molecule that is built from monomers. Addition and condensation polymers can exist with a crosslinked. General article condensation polymerization s ramakrishnan s ramakrishnan is a professor in the department of inorganic and physical chemistry at the indian institute of science.
Condensation polymers are formed from a series of reactions, often of condensation type, in which any two species monomers, dimers. These identical structures, we understand as a unit made up of two or more molecules, join together to form a long chain. Polymerization reactions is called chaingrowth polymerization or addition polymerization. An example is styrenebutadiene rubber sbr which is a copolymer of butadiene and styrene.
Polyesters, polyamides, proteins and polysaccharides such as cellulose, are all examples of condensation polymers. The key difference between addition polymerization and condensation polymerization is that for addition polymerization, monomer should be an unsaturated molecule whereas for condensation polymerization, monomers are saturated molecules. Thus, the difference in degree of conversion by a few percent near the end of polymerization exhibits far more significant changes in mechanical properties than 1020% increase in conversion around 50%. Polymers or macromolecules are very large molecules made up of smaller units called monomers or repeating units, covalently bonded together. Additional polymerization additional polymerization is a polymerization in which the growth of polymer chains proceeds by addition reactions between molecules of any size. In contrast, condensation polymerisation produces condensation polymers through the intermolecular condensation of two different monomers with the formation of small molecules such as hcl, water, ammonia, etc. His research group works towards exploring new strategies to develop polymers that can selfsegregate, fold, and organize into sub10 nm size microphase separated. We have previously seen addition polymerization, where a double bond in a monomer is. During the polymerization process, the double bonds in the alkenes break and they all join together to form a large molecule. The polymer is a long chain molecule which is formed by joining many small molecules called monomers. In this experiment, you will explore a class of chemical compounds known as polymers. Polymers may be classified broadly as condensation, addition, or ringopening polymers, depending on the type of polymerization reaction involved in their formation. In basic terms, a polymer is a longchain molecule that is composed of a large number of repeating units of identical structure. Condensation polymerization is a reaction that joins two functional groups such as an alcohol and a carboxylic acid and forms a second small molecule such as water.
Condensation polymerization is now referred to as stepgrowth or stepreaction. Addition polymerization is the successive addition of alkene monomers to one another. The following diagrams show addition polymerisation polyethene and condensation polymerisation polyamide, polyester. It is a chain reaction and no byproduct is release.
The remaining 22 chapters are concerned with new and better polymers designed for a specific end use or physical property. Polya lkenes are chemically inert due to the strong cc and ch. Chaingrowth polymerization is most commonly applied to vinyl monomers that is, monomers containing carboncarbon double bonds and to certain types of cyclic monomers that is, monomers in which the double bond is contained in ringshaped molecules. Addition polymers can be formed by chain polymerization, when the polymer is formed by the sequential addition of monomer units to an active site in a chain. Petrochemicals and polymers, petroleum, alternative fuels and energy sources, addition polymerisation, condensation polymerisation. Thus, the difference in degree of conversion by a few percent near the end of polymerization exhibits far more significant changes in mechanical. There are polymers made by polymerizing a mixture of two or more monomers. Condensation polymers such as epoxy resins develop physical and mechanical properties slowly at low degrees of polymerization and require a high degree of conversion to achieve good properties. In condensation polymerization, each step of the process is accompanied by the formation of a molecule of some simple compound, often water. Condensation polymerization is a form of stepgrowth polymerization. Polymers products that are commonly referred to as plastics by the general public are known to chemists as polymers. Well over 100 billion pounds of polymer are produced each year, and it is expected that this. There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers. Some of the most commercially important addition polymers are the copolymers.
Condensation polymers a polyamides when a carboxylic acid reacts with an amine, an amide is formed with water released as the molecules join together. Condensation polymer an overview sciencedirect topics. The addition polymerization means that two monomers react with each other and no other small molecules are generated. Depending on the author, addition polymerization is now called chain, chaingrowth, or chainreaction polymerization. Addition polymers and their uses igcse and ial chemistry. In a condensation reaction, two molecules combine with the loss of a smaller molecule, usually water, an alcohol or an acid. Classify the following as addition and condensation. To understand condensation reactions, lets look at another hypothetical polymer reaction. Addition polymerization is the process of repeated addition of monomers that posses double or triple bonds to form polymers. An addition polymer is made when the monomers lose an atom or group of atoms while forming the polymer.
Difference between addition polymerization and condensation. The most significant difference is that in addition polymers there is no loss of atom. These methods are usually employed for low molecular weight functional. Ncert solutions for class 12 chemistry chapter 15 polymers. A condensation polymer is formed when monomers bond to each other without the loss of atoms. Condensation polymerization materials world modules. Addition and condensation polymerization are the two major processes of producing a polymer compound. The presence of polar functional groups on the chains. In addition to the conversion of the functional groups, the degree of polymerization, and the number average molecular weight we are interested in the distribution of chain lengths, n i. On the other hand, condensation polymers are formed through condensation reactions, in which two molecules bond to form a larger molecule, while at the same time losing a. Mar 24, 2017 this video provide you basic differfence between addition and condensation polymerisation. Addition polymerization differs from condensation polymerization, which does cogenerate a product, usually water. Condensation polymers examples, answers, activities.